Hydrogeological & Geological Assessments

  • Groundwater Potential & Recharge Zones: Evaluates aquifer storage capacity, recharge rates, and sustainable yield using field data and GIS mapping.
  • Aquifer Testing (Slug/Pumping): Determines hydraulic conductivity, storativity, and well yield via field tests (e.g., constant-rate pumping tests).
  • Isotopic & Hydrochemical Tracing: Identifies water sources, flow paths, and contamination risks using stable isotopes (δ¹⁸O, δ²H) and ion analysis.

Geophysics & Borehole Logging

  • TEM/ERT/TDEM/Resistivity/Magnetic/MT/AMT: Maps subsurface structures, detects water-bearing zones, and identifies mineral deposits.
  • Borehole Logging (Conventional/Imaging/NMR): Analyzes lithology, fractures, and porosity using tools like optical televiewers or nuclear magnetic resonance.

Climate & Hydrological Modeling

  • Predicts long-term water availability using rainfall-runoff models (e.g., SWAT) and climate projections to assess drought/flood risks.

Water Resources & Quality Baselines

  • Establishes pre-mining water quality (pH, metals, organics) and seasonal variability through multi-year monitoring.

Digital & Smart Monitoring

  • Deploys IoT sensors for real-time groundwater levels/drones for LiDAR-based terrain mapping and thermal imaging.

Environmental & Regulatory Compliance

  • Conducts Baseline ESIA (Environmental and Social Impact Assessment) and aligns with local water policies (e.g., IFC Performance Standards).

Mine Water Balance Modeling

  • Quantifies water inputs (rainfall, groundwater), outputs (evaporation, discharge), and recycling potential using tools like GoldSim.

Dewatering Systems Design

  • Simulates pit inflows, designs sumps/pumps, and assesses geotechnical risks (slope stability via PLAXIS).

Hydrological Impact Assessments

  • Models changes to surface runoff and groundwater flow (MODFLOW) to mitigate downstream effects.

Surface & Underground Drainage Solutions

  • Implements passive treatment (anoxic limestone drains) or active systems (reverse osmosis) for acid mine drainage (AMD).

Infrastructure & Water Storage Design

  • Designs tailings storage facilities (TSFs) with HDPE liners, flood diversion channels, and stormwater ponds.

Smart Monitoring Networks

  • Uses AI (e.g., neural networks) to predict seepage or equipment failures from sensor data.

Geochemical & Contaminant Risk Studies

  • Tests AMD potential via static (ABA) and kinetic (humidity cell) tests; models metal leaching (PHREEQC).

Operational Water Optimization

  • Recycles process water (thickener overflows) and controls pit dewatering rates to reduce freshwater demand.

Water Quality & Contamination Monitoring

  • AI/ML models (e.g., Random Forest) predict contaminant spikes (e.g., arsenic) from real-time sensor data.

Mine Wastewater Management

  • Installs cutoff walls or grout curtains to prevent seepage from tailings into aquifers.

Effluent Treatment & Discharge

  • Treats water to meet regulatory limits (e.g., <0.1 mg/L Cu) via chemical precipitation or electrocoagulation.

Cloud-Based Water Data Platforms

  • Centralizes data in platforms like AQUARIUS for compliance reporting and stakeholder dashboards.

Environmental & Social Risk Audits

  • Tracks community grievances (e.g., water access) and verifies compliance with ISO 14001.

Mine Water Closure Planning

  • Plans for pit lakes (e.g., backfilling vs. flooding) and long-term water balance stability.

Contaminant Transport Modeling

  • Forecasts metal/nutrient migration (FEFLOW) over 100+ years post-closure.

Landform & Drainage Reconfiguration

  • Reshapes slopes to mimic natural drainage and prevent erosion (using WEPP models).

Passive Water Treatment Systems

  • Builds constructed wetlands with cattails/reed beds to filter metals sustainably.

Post-Closure AI/ML Monitoring Tools

  • Satellite InSAR detects ground subsidence; AI flags leakage in real-time.

Geochemical Risk Assessment

  • Studies tailings-water interactions (e.g., sulfide oxidation rates) to prevent delayed AMD.

Long-Term Water Quality Monitoring

  • Combines automated sensors (e.g., YSI EXO2) with annual lab sampling for 30+ years.

Reclaimed Water Systems

  • Repurposes pit lakes for aquaculture or irrigation after treatment (e.g., phytoremediation).

Climate Resilience Modeling

  • Simulates impacts of extreme rainfall (RCP 8.5 scenarios) on site stability.

Audit & Compliance Reporting

  • Documents adherence to closure criteria (e.g., ICMM guidelines) for regulatory sign-off.

Digital Monitoring Integration

  • Satellite-GIS dashboards (e.g., ArcGIS Online) track vegetation recovery and water trends.